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The profession of neurosurgery is an important medical field, especially for pediatrics. Neurology is the medical area that deals with disorders in the nervous system. Specifically, it works with diagnosing all diseases in the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems, in addition to their coverings and effector tissues such as muscle. Neurosurgery is the similar term for this when surgical procedures are necessary and doctors who specialize in this field are called neurologists. They are involved in many aspects of medicine including clinical research as well as basic research. There are a lot neurological disorders that this field treats. They include: brain dysfunction, peripheral nervous system disorders, seizure disorders, movement disorders, lower back pain, other pains, dementia, stupor, head injury, tumors, multiple sclerosis, infections and others.

A neurologist has to go through separate schooling in order to become capable in the field. In the United States, they receive postgraduate training in neurology afterpassing medical school, which is 10-12 years of college education in addition to clinical rotations. This education included a four year undergraduate degree, a medical degree, lasting another four years, and also three years training in neurology. A lot of neurologists choose to complete one year fellowships after their completion of the neurology residency if wanted.

While pediatric neurology is its own niche there are many other fields within neurology that people decide to specialize in. They include vascular neurology, interventional neurology, epilepsy, neuro-rehabilitation, pain management and movement disorders.